[Endovascular treatment of aorto-esophageal fistula due to esophageal cancer. Report of one case]. / Tratamiento endovascular de fístula aorto esofágica secundaria a cáncer de esófago. Caso clínico.

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma can spread locally to neighboring organs in the mediastinum. When it invades the aorta, the patient may develop an aorto esophageal fistula (AEF), complication that carries a high mortality rate. We report a 62-year-old male with stage IV esophageal carcinoma who, after chemo radiation treatment, developed an AEF. He was successfully treated with the use of an aortic endograft. The patient died 13 months later due to progression of his cancer, without evidence of sepsis or new bleeding episodes.

Tratamiento endovascular de fístula aorto esofágica secundaria a cáncer de esófago: Caso clínico / Endovascular treatment of aorto-esophageal fistula due to esophageal cancer: Report of one case

Background: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma can spread locally to neighboring organs in the mediastinum. When it invades the aorta, the patient may develop an aorto esophageal fistula (AEF), complication that carries a high mortality rate. We report a 62-year-old male with stage IV esophageal carcinoma who, after chemo radiation treatment, developed an AEF. He was successfully treated with the use of an aortic endograft. The patient died 13 months later due to progression of his cancer, without evidence of sepsis or new bleeding episodes.

[Umbilical cord hematopoietic precursors transplantation. Report of five patients]. / Trasplante con precursores hematopoyéticos de cordón umbilical en adultos con neoplasias hematológicas en Chile: serie clínica.

Hematopoietic precursors transplantation is a therapeutic alternative for leukemia, some metabolic diseases and some immune deficiency syndromes. In its allogeneic variety leukemia eradication is based in the conditioning prior to transplantation and the allograñ effect against leukemia. Umbilical cord blood is an alternative source of hematopoietic precursors when there are no HLA compatible relatives available. Between 2003 and 2007 we have performed five umbilical cord blood transplant in adult patients in a University hospital. All patients had malignant diseases. Conditioning protocols were ablative in all except in one patient and in all, more than one unit of umbilical cord blood was used. Hematopoietic engraftment was confirmed in all patients and the main complications registered were infectious and associated to immunosuppression.

Trasplante con precursores hematopoyéticos de cordón umbilical en adultos con neoplasias hematológicas en Chile: Serie clínica / Umbilical cord hematopoietic precursors transplantation: Report of five patients

Hematopoietic precursors transplantation is a therapeutic alternative for leukemia, some metabolic diseases and some immune deficiency syndromes. In its allogeneic variety leukemia eradication is based in the conditioning prior to transplantation and the allograñ effect against leukemia. Umbilical cord blood is an alternative source of hematopoietic precursors when there are no HLA compatible relatives available. Between 2003 and 2007 we have performed five umbilical cord blood transplant in adult patients in a University hospital. All patients had malignant diseases. Conditioning protocols were ablative in all except in one patient and in all, more than one unit of umbilical cord blood was used. Hematopoietic engraftment was confirmed in all patients and the main complications registered were infectious and associated to immunosuppression.

[Invasive fungal disease in hemato-oncological and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation patients from Hospital Clinico Universidad Católica, Santiago-Chile using revised EORTC/MSG diagnostic criteria]. / Enfermedad fúngica invasora en pacientes hemato-oncológicos y receptores de trasplante de precursores hematopoyéticos bajo la perspectiva de los criterios diagnósticos EORTC/MSG.

INTRODUCTION: Invasive fungal disease (IFD) is a severe complication occurring mostly in haematooncological (H-O) patients and hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) receptors. Our aim was to describe the IFD occurring in our H-O and HSCT patients according to the EORTC/MSG revised criteria. PATIENTS AND METHODS: IFD surveillance was performed in adult patients of the Hospital Clínico Universidad Catolica, Santiago, Chile, from January 2004 to January 2008. RESULTS: A total of 41 IFD episodes were identified in 39 patients; mean age was 46.6 +/- 9.9 years, and 87.8% and 12.2% occurred in H-O and HCTS patients respectively. 15/41(36.6%) episodes were proven, 36.6% probable and 11/41 (26.8%) possible. In 26 (63.4%) episodes aspergillosis was diagnosed (20 pulmonary, 3 sinus, 1 laryngeal and 1 case with pulmonary and cerebral involvement). In 7 patients (17.1%) candidiasis was diagnosed, 5 with a proven bloodstream infection and 2 with possible hepatosplenic candidiasis; mucormyeosis was diagnosed in 4 (9.8%) Fusarium infection was demonstrated in 2 patients (4.9%), and Mucor and Aspergillus pulmonary coinfection and Alternaria sp rhino-sinusitis in one patient each. The frequency of IFD among febrile neutropenic patients was 26.2% and 6.4% in H-O and HSCT receptors respectively. The overall mortality was 36%. CONCLUSIONS: Aspergillosis is the most common IFD infection among H-O patients and HSCT receptors in our center. Candidiasis followed although only in H-O patients most probably because of routine use of antifungal prophylaxis in HSCT recipients. Continuous surveillance is required to develop local guidelines and to evaluate antifungal strategies in different clinical scenarios.

Hepatectomía derecha extendida por colangiocarcinoma intrahepático en un paciente con síndrome de Dubin-Johnson / Hepatectomy for cholangiocarcinoma in one patient with Dubin Johnson syndrome

Dubin-Johnson syndrome (SDJ) is a rare benign autosomal recessive congenital disease that causes jaundice. We report a 71 years old male with a Dubin Jonson syndrome diagnosed at the age of 40. On a ultrasound examination and magnetic resonance imaging, a liver tumor was found, that was excised. The pathology report showed a cholangiocarcinoma. During the postoperative period, the patient had a hyperbilirubinemia that subsided slowly. There are reports of hyperbilirubinemia of difficult management after hepatectomy in patients with Dubin-Johnson syndrome.

El síndrome de Dubin-Johnson (SDJ) es una patología benigna, familiar, con carácter autosómico recesivo y de aparición poco frecuente. Consiste en un defecto en la excreción hepática de la bilirrubina conjugada que permite su entrada al canalículo biliar, manifestando un cuadro clínico de ictericia silente. La asociación de esta enfermedad con colangiocarcinoma intrahepático es excepcional, siendo difícil la sospecha precoz de este diagnóstico y también el manejo de la ictericia postoperatoria. El objetivo de este trabajo es describir un caso clínico con estas características y revisión de la literatura existente. Se presenta a un paciente de sexo masculino de 71 años de edad, con antecedente de síndrome de Dubin-Johnson diagnosticado a los 40 años. Asintomático, en exámenes de rutina se encuentra un tumor hepático en la ecotomografía abdominal, que luego se corrobora en la TAC y RNM, mide aproximadamente 10 cm de diámetro, de ubicación central y derecho. Resto de estudio no muestra diseminación. Se realiza laparoscopia diagnóstica y ecografía intraoperatoria confirmando lo visto por imágenes, y se decide convertir a laparotomía para efectuar hepatectomía derecha extendida. Biopsia rápida y diferida informan colangiocarcinoma. Evoluciona favorablemente en el postoperatorio, con hiperbilirrubinemia sostenida de lenta resolución. La asociación de hepatectomía con síndrome de Dubin-Johnson es de muy baja frecuencia, existiendo poca literatura al respecto. Se ha descrito que la hiperbilirrubinemia en el postoperatorio es de difícil manejo, sin embargo, en este caso el paciente evolucionó favorablemente sin necesidad de alguna terapia específica.

Enfermedad fúngica invasora en pacientes hemato-oncológicos y receptores de trasplante de precursores hematopoyéticos bajo la perspectiva de los criterios diagnósticos EORTC/MSG / Invasive fungal disease in hemato-oncological and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation patients from Hospital Clinico Universidad Católica, Santiago-Chile using revised EORTC/MSG diagnostic criteria

Introduction: Invasive fungal disease (IFD) is a severe complication occurring mostly in haemato-oncological (H-O) patients and hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) receptors. Our aim was to describe the IFD occurring in our H-O and HSCT patients according to the EORTC/MSG revised criteria. Patients and Methods: IFD surveillance was performed in adult patients of the Hospital Clínico Universidad Católica, Santiago, Chile, from January 2004 to January 2008. Results: A total of 41 IFD episodes were identified in 39 patients; mean age was 46.6 ± 9.9 years, and 87.8 percent and 12.2 percent occurred in H-O and HCTS patients respectively. 15/41(36.6 percent) episodes were proven, 36.6 percent probable and 11/41 (26.8 percent) possible. In 26 (63.4 percent) episodes aspergillosis was diagnosed (20 pulmonary, 3 sinus, 1 laryngeal and 1 case with pulmonary and cerebral involvement). In 7 patients (17.1 percent) candidiasis was diagnosed, 5 with a proven bloodstream infection and 2 with possible hepatosplenic candidiasis; mucormyeosis was diagnosed in 4 (9.8 percent) Fusarium infection was demonstrated in 2 patients (4.9 percent), and Mucor and Aspergillus pulmonary coinfection and Alternaría sp rhino-sinusitis in one patient each. The frequency of IFD among febrile neutropenic patients was 26.2 percent and 6.4 percent in H-O and HSCT receptors respectively. The overall mortality was 36 percent. Conclusions: Aspergillosis is the most common IFD infection among H-O patients and HSCT receptors in our center. Candidiasis followed although only in H-O patients most probably because of routine use of antifungal prophylaxis in HSCT recipients. Continuous surveillance is required to develop local guidelines and to evaluate antifungal strategies in different clinical scenarios.

Introducción: La enfermedad fúngica invasora (EFI) es una complicación grave en pacientes hemato-oncológicos (H-O) y receptores de trasplante de precursores hematopoyéticos (TPH). Objetivo: Describir las EFI diagnosticadas en pacientes adultos H-O y receptores de TPH de nuestro centro, bajo los criterios diagnósticos revisados de EORTC/MSG. Pacientes y Métodos: Estudio de vigilancia de EFI en pacientes adultos del Hospital Clínico de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile entre enero 2004 y enero 2008. Resultados: Se identificaron 41 episodios de EFI, correspondientes a 39 pacientes: 46,6 ± 9,9 años, 87,8 por ciento H-Oy 12,2 por ciento TPH. Se documentaron 15/41 (36,6 por ciento) EFI demostrada, 36,6 por ciento probable y 11/41 (26,8 por ciento) posible. En 26/41 (63,4 por cientoo) se diagnosticó aspergilosis (20 pulmonar, 3 rinosinusal, 1 laríngeo y un caso cerebral-pulmonar). En 7/41 (17,1 por ciento) se diagnosticó candidiasis, 5 candidemias y 2 candidiasis hepato-esplénica posibles; 4/41 (9,8 por cientoo) correspondió a mucormicosis demostrada (2 rinosinusal, 1 oral y 1 pulmonar); en 2/41 (4,9 por cientoo) fusariosis; 1/41(2,4 por ciento)) coinfección pulmonar por mucoral y Aspergillus sp y 1 caso de rinosinusitis por Alternaría sp. La frecuencia de EFI entre pacientes H-O con neutropenia febril fue 26,2 por ciento) y 6,4 por ciento) en los receptores de TPH. La mortalidad global fue de 36 por ciento). Conclusiones: Aspergilosis es la EFI más frecuente en H-O y receptores de TPH de nuestro centro. Candidiasis es la segunda EFI en frecuencia; sin embargo, no se documentó entre los pacientes receptores de TPH, lo que puede relacionarse al uso de antifúngicos profilácticos en este grupo. Es necesaria la vigilancia continua para desarrollar guías clínicas locales y evaluar estrategias de uso de antifúngicos en distintos escenarios clínicos.

Flebitis séptica: origen de cuadros sépticos graves / Septic phlebitis: report of two cases

We report two patients, an 82 yeers old female and a 71 years old male, who bad a severe sepis with positive blood cultures for Staphylococcus aureis and a superficial phlebitis as the only probable focus. In both, the diagnosis of septic phlebitis was reached and an emergency phlebotomy was performed under local anaesthesia. The clinical response was satÝsfactory and the pathological examination of excised veins showed an acute exudative leukocytic thrombophlebitis